ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)
ERCP is a specialized endoscopic procedure used primarily to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the bile ducts and pancreatic ducts. It may be recommended for bile duct stones, biliary obstruction, bile duct strictures, cholangitis, bile leaks, and certain pancreatic duct disorders. Unlike routine diagnostic tests, modern ERCP is mainly performed when treatment may be needed.
How Is ERCP Performed?
During an ERCP procedure, a flexible endoscope is passed through the mouth into the small intestine. A catheter is then guided into the bile or pancreatic ducts, where contrast dye and X-ray imaging help the specialist identify blockages or abnormalities. Depending on the findings, the doctor may remove bile duct stones, widen narrowed areas, place a biliary stent, or obtain tissue samples.
Preparation and Recovery
Patients are generally required to fast before ERCP and should inform their doctor about medications, allergies, diabetes, heart or lung conditions, and blood-thinning medicines. Sedation or anesthesia is used to improve comfort. After the procedure, patients are monitored for recovery and should arrange for someone to take them home if discharged the same day.
Benefits and Risks
ERCP can provide minimally invasive treatment for several bile duct and pancreatic conditions, potentially avoiding more invasive procedures in appropriate cases. However, it carries risks including pancreatitis, bleeding, infection, perforation, and reactions to sedation or anesthesia. Your gastroenterologist will discuss the expected benefits, alternatives, and individual risks before the procedure.