What Is Endoscopic Treatment for GI Bleeding and Varices?
Endoscopic treatment of GI bleeding and varices is a minimally invasive approach used to identify and control bleeding in the digestive tract. Gastrointestinal bleeding may occur due to ulcers, abnormal blood vessels, or enlarged veins called esophageal or gastric varices, which can develop in people with certain liver conditions.
During an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, a flexible camera is passed through the mouth to examine the esophagus, stomach, and upper small intestine. Depending on the source of bleeding, the gastroenterologist may use techniques such as endoscopic injection therapy, thermal therapy, hemoclips, band ligation, or other specialized hemostatic methods to control active bleeding.
When Is This Treatment Recommended?
Endoscopic therapy may be considered for patients experiencing vomiting of blood, black or tarry stools, anemia related to gastrointestinal blood loss, or bleeding identified during diagnostic endoscopy. Variceal bleeding treatment commonly involves endoscopic band ligation for suitable esophageal varices.
Preparation and Recovery
Preparation depends on the urgency and type of endoscopic procedure. Patients may need to avoid food and liquids for a specified period and discuss medications, particularly blood thinners, with their medical team. After treatment, monitoring is performed to assess recovery and detect recurrent bleeding. Follow-up care depends on the underlying cause and overall health.