Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a minimally invasive diagnostic procedure used to examine cells collected from a lump, swelling, or abnormal tissue. It is commonly recommended for evaluating thyroid nodules, breast lumps, lymph nodes, salivary gland swellings, and other accessible lesions. The collected cells are examined under a microscope to help determine whether the abnormality is benign, inflammatory, infectious, or potentially cancerous.
What Does FNAC Involve?
During an FNAC test, a fine, sterile needle is gently inserted into the area being evaluated to collect a small cellular sample. Depending on the location and clinical requirement, ultrasound guidance may be used to improve accuracy. The sample is then prepared and examined by a qualified cytopathologist.
When Is FNAC Recommended?
FNAC may be advised when a doctor identifies an unexplained lump, swelling, or nodule during examination or imaging. It can help investigate thyroid nodules, enlarged lymph nodes, breast lumps, and soft-tissue swellings and may provide useful information before deciding on further treatment or testing.
Preparation and Recovery
Preparation depends on the location of the lesion and your medical history. Patients should inform their doctor about medicines, particularly blood-thinning medications, before the procedure. Mild tenderness or bruising may occur afterward and generally settles with routine care.
FNAC results should always be interpreted alongside clinical examination and imaging findings. In some cases, additional testing or a tissue biopsy may be recommended for a definitive diagnosis.