What Is Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL)?
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove larger or complex kidney stones that may not be suitable for simpler stone treatments. During PCNL, a urologist creates a small opening in the back to access the kidney and uses a nephroscope to locate and remove the stone. Larger stones may be fragmented into smaller pieces before removal.
When Is PCNL Recommended?
PCNL may be considered for patients with large kidney stones, multiple stones, or complex stone burdens. Treatment depends on factors such as stone size, location, symptoms, urinary blockage, infection risk, and overall health. For symptomatic renal stones larger than 20 mm, clinical guidelines recommend PCNL as a first-line treatment in appropriate patients.
Preparation and Recovery
Before kidney stone surgery, your urologist may recommend imaging, urine testing, blood tests, and other evaluations to plan the procedure safely. PCNL is generally performed under anesthesia in a hospital. Recovery varies depending on stone complexity, overall health, and the surgical approach. Some patients may temporarily require a ureteral stent or nephrostomy tube to support urine drainage.