Pacemaker Implantation: Helping Restore a Healthy Heart Rhythm
Pacemaker implantation is a procedure used to help regulate an abnormally slow or irregular heartbeat. A pacemaker is a small electronic device placed under the skin, usually near the collarbone, that monitors the heart rhythm and delivers electrical impulses when needed to help maintain an appropriate heart rate.
A cardiologist may recommend pacemaker implantation for conditions such as bradycardia, heart block, sinus node dysfunction and certain heart rhythm disorders. In selected patients with heart failure, a specialized pacemaker used for cardiac resynchronization therapy may also be considered.
Before the procedure, the cardiology team evaluates the patient's heart rhythm, medical history and overall health. Depending on the situation, tests may include an ECG, blood tests, chest X-ray or echocardiogram.
During a conventional pacemaker implantation, local anaesthesia is generally used, sometimes with sedation. A small incision is made near the collarbone, and one or more pacing leads are guided through a blood vessel into the heart. The pacemaker generator is then positioned beneath the skin and connected to the leads. Some patients may be suitable for a leadless pacemaker, which is placed directly inside the heart through a vein.
After implantation, the device is checked to confirm that it is functioning correctly. Patients usually receive instructions about wound care, physical activity, follow-up appointments and living safely with their pacemaker. Recovery varies from person to person, and strenuous activity or heavy lifting may need to be restricted for several weeks as advised by the treating cardiologist.
Pacemaker implantation is a commonly performed cardiac procedure, but like any medical procedure, it has potential risks. These can include bleeding or bruising, infection, lead displacement and, less commonly, complications involving the blood vessels, heart or lung. Your cardiologist should explain the expected benefits, risks and alternatives based on your individual condition before treatment.