Colectomy, also called colon resection surgery, is a procedure to remove part or all of the colon when disease or damage affects normal bowel function. It may be recommended for conditions such as colon cancer, diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, bowel obstruction, severe bleeding, or certain inherited conditions that increase cancer risk.
Types of Colectomy
The type of colectomy surgery depends on the location and extent of the affected colon. Common procedures include right hemicolectomy, left hemicolectomy, sigmoid colectomy, segmental resection, and total colectomy. Your surgeon will recommend the appropriate approach based on your diagnosis and overall health.
How Colectomy Surgery Is Performed
Colectomy can be performed through open surgery or minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic colectomy or robotic-assisted surgery. During the procedure, the diseased section of the colon is removed. When appropriate, the healthy ends of the intestine are reconnected through a procedure called anastomosis. In some cases, a temporary or permanent colostomy or ileostomy may be required.
Preparation and Recovery
Before surgery, your healthcare team may recommend specific dietary instructions, bowel preparation, fasting, medication adjustments, and antibiotics. After surgery, hospital monitoring helps assess bowel function, pain, wound healing, and potential complications. Recovery varies depending on the type of surgery and the patient's overall condition. Gradual activity, appropriate nutrition, and follow-up care are important parts of recovery.