Hemodialysis vascular access surgery creates a reliable pathway for blood to flow between the patient and dialysis machine. For people with advanced kidney disease who require regular hemodialysis, choosing and maintaining the right vascular access is an important part of long-term dialysis care.
Types of Hemodialysis Vascular Access
Depending on blood vessel condition, dialysis requirements, and overall health, a vascular surgeon may recommend an arteriovenous (AV) fistula, AV graft, or dialysis catheter. An AV fistula connects an artery and vein, usually in the arm, and is generally preferred for long-term access when suitable. An AV graft uses a synthetic tube to connect an artery and vein when a fistula is not appropriate. A catheter may be used when dialysis needs to begin quickly or when other access options are unsuitable.
What to Expect
Before surgery, the medical team evaluates your blood vessels and overall condition to determine the most appropriate access. After the procedure, the access requires regular monitoring and careful hygiene. Patients should report signs such as redness, swelling, warmth, pain, bleeding, drainage, fever, or changes in the normal vibration or function of the access.