Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a specialised laboratory technique used to identify specific proteins or markers in tissue samples. It helps pathologists understand the characteristics of abnormal cells and can provide additional information when a routine biopsy or histopathology examination alone is not sufficient.
What Is Immunohistochemistry?
During an IHC test, specially selected antibodies are applied to a tissue sample. These antibodies bind to specific proteins within the cells, producing a detectable staining pattern that can be examined under a microscope. The results help the pathologist identify cellular characteristics and support a more precise diagnosis.
Why Is an IHC Test Recommended?
An IHC examination may be recommended when doctors need additional information about a tumour or other abnormal tissue. In neurosurgical cases, IHC can assist in characterising certain brain tumours and central nervous system tumours and may help distinguish between conditions that can appear similar under routine microscopy.
The specific markers selected depend on the tissue findings and the clinical question being investigated. IHC results are interpreted together with the patient's medical history, imaging findings, biopsy results, and other laboratory investigations.
Benefits of Immunohistochemistry
- Provides additional information about abnormal cells and tissue.
- Helps support a more specific pathological diagnosis.
- Can assist in classifying certain tumours.
- Helps pathologists differentiate between similar-looking tissue conditions.
- May provide useful information for treatment planning when appropriate.
What to Expect
IHC is generally performed on a tissue sample obtained through biopsy or surgery. There is usually no separate preparation required for the patient specifically for the staining procedure. The testing time can vary depending on the number and type of markers required.
An IHC test report should be reviewed with the treating doctor or pathologist, who can explain what the findings mean in the context of the patient's overall diagnosis.