Corneal Transplantation
Corneal transplantation, also known as a corneal transplant, corneal graft, or keratoplasty, is a surgical procedure that replaces damaged or diseased corneal tissue with healthy donor tissue. It may be recommended when corneal disease, scarring, infection, injury, or conditions such as keratoconus and Fuchs’ dystrophy affect vision or cause persistent discomfort.
When Is a Corneal Transplant Needed?
An ophthalmologist may consider corneal transplant surgery when glasses, contact lenses, or other treatments no longer provide adequate improvement. Depending on the condition, the surgeon may replace the entire cornea or only the affected layers.
Types of Corneal Transplant
Treatment is selected according to which part of the cornea is damaged. Common procedures include penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for full-thickness replacement, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK) for selected front and middle-layer conditions, and endothelial procedures such as DMEK or DSAEK for diseases affecting the inner corneal layer.
Recovery and Aftercare
Recovery varies according to the type of transplant and individual healing. Patients may need prescribed eye drops, protective measures, and regular follow-up examinations. Vision can improve gradually, and glasses or contact lenses may still be required.