Fistula Surgery is a surgical treatment for an anal fistula, a small abnormal tunnel that can develop between the anal canal and the skin near the anus, often following an anal abscess. Because anal fistulas usually do not heal on their own, surgical evaluation and treatment may be recommended.
When Is Fistula Surgery Needed?
Common symptoms include persistent pain, swelling, skin irritation, and pus or blood-stained discharge near the anus. Your surgeon may assess the fistula's location, complexity, and relationship with the anal sphincter before deciding on treatment.
Fistula Surgery Procedures
The appropriate procedure depends on the type and location of the fistula. Fistulotomy is commonly used for selected simple fistulas and involves opening the fistula tract so it can heal. For complex fistulas involving the sphincter muscles, a seton procedure may be used to maintain drainage while helping protect sphincter function. Other options can include LIFT procedure or advancement flap surgery in selected patients.
Recovery After Fistula Surgery
Recovery varies depending on the procedure and complexity of the fistula. Some patients can return home the same day, while complex procedures may require observation. Mild pain, discomfort, or some bleeding can occur initially. Proper wound care, prescribed medicines, and follow-up with the surgeon are important during recovery.