Surgical sperm retrieval is a specialized fertility procedure used to obtain sperm directly from the epididymis or testicular tissue when sperm are not present or cannot be obtained through ejaculation. It may be considered for men with azoospermia, certain sperm production disorders, or blockage of the reproductive tract, particularly when assisted reproductive treatment such as IVF or ICSI is being planned.
What Are PESA, TESA, TESE and micro-TESE?
PESA (Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration) retrieves sperm from the epididymis using a fine needle and may be considered when sperm production is adequate but there is an obstruction.
TESA (Testicular Sperm Aspiration) uses a needle to collect sperm directly from the testis and can be useful in selected cases of azoospermia.
TESE (Testicular Sperm Extraction) involves removing a small amount of testicular tissue to search for sperm.
Micro-TESE (Microsurgical Testicular Sperm Extraction) uses an operating microscope to identify areas of the testis that may contain sperm and is generally considered for certain cases of non-obstructive azoospermia.
Benefits and Considerations
The appropriate sperm retrieval procedure depends on the underlying cause, hormone levels, previous fertility evaluations, and the quality of sperm production. Retrieved sperm may be used for ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) as part of an IVF treatment plan.
Preparation and Recovery
Before treatment, your fertility specialist may recommend a detailed medical history, physical examination, semen analysis, hormonal evaluation, and other investigations. Recovery varies by procedure, but patients are generally advised to follow post-procedure instructions regarding activity, wound care, and follow-up.