A corneal transplant (corneal transplantation or keratoplasty) is an eye surgery that replaces a damaged or diseased cornea with healthy donor corneal tissue. It may be recommended when corneal disease causes persistent blurred vision, scarring, swelling, or eye discomfort that cannot be adequately managed with other treatments.
When Is Corneal Transplant Recommended?
An ophthalmologist may recommend corneal transplant surgery for conditions such as keratoconus, Fuchs’ corneal dystrophy, severe corneal scarring, certain eye infections, traumatic eye injuries, or a previously failed corneal graft. The recommended procedure depends on the affected corneal layers and the overall condition of the eye.
Types of Corneal Transplant
Depending on the condition, surgery may replace the entire cornea or only damaged layers. Common procedures include penetrating keratoplasty (PK), deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK), and endothelial keratoplasty, including DMEK and DSAEK.
Recovery and Aftercare
Corneal transplant recovery varies according to the procedure and individual healing. Vision may initially remain blurred and improve gradually over weeks or months. Some full-thickness transplants can require a longer recovery period. Prescribed eye drops, protective eyewear, regular follow-up appointments, and avoiding eye rubbing are important during recovery.
Risks and Benefits
Corneal transplantation may improve vision and relieve corneal-related discomfort when appropriately indicated. However, possible complications include corneal graft rejection, infection, glaucoma, astigmatism, graft failure, and the need for additional treatment. Redness, pain, light sensitivity, or sudden worsening of vision after surgery should be reported promptly.